Online Course Proposal Essay Example

Online Course Proposal Essay Online Course Proposal BY ajones7874 Global Citizenship Across the Curriculum Chapter 1 Draft Andrea Peterson-Jones October 21, 2013 California State University East Bay Background In the not all that far off past, citizenship or civics training in the United States grasped an absorption philosophy, concentrated on Anglo-protestant similarity successfully annihilating the way of life and dialects of differing gatherings. During absorption, when individuals from recognizable racial gatherings started to obtained the language and culture of the Anglo standard, they were frequently denied consideration and ull investment in the network as a result of their racial attributes. Old English Saxon Protestant convention was for two centuries, and in pivotal regards despite everything is, the prevailing impact on American culture and society(Schlesinger, 1992, p. 28). This way to deal with metro instruction made clash, tension, discouragement, and hatred in those compelled to separate from their way of life and conviction frameworks. Today, the term Civics is once in a while utilized, having been supplanted with Global Education or Global Citizenship. In a regularly expanding associated world, instructors are emonstrating a developing enthusiasm for teaching for worldwide citizenship. Due to developing ethnic, social, racial, language and strict assorted variety all through the world, worldwide citizenship instruction is basic to appropriately plan understudies to work viably in the 21st century Global Economy. Residents in this century need the information, perspectives, and abilities required to work in their own social network, however past social fringes and partitions. We will compose a custom article test on Online Course Proposal explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Online Course Proposal explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Online Course Proposal explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer As instructors, it turns into our obligation to join understudy techniques for procuring these abilities into our ordinary educational program. As indicated by Cushner and Brennan (2007), social ability is required to be a successful instructor. Educators who are socially skillful, they contend, comprehend social conventions that reach out past the outskirts of the United States, can impart across societies, and have the ability to get ready students for living and working in the worldwide network ( p. 10). We live in one of the universes most different nations, and we are encountering a period of sensational change. We should perceive the fast pace of globalization and the expanding rivalry and changing working environment that our Nations graduates will look in their future. Nussbaum, 1997) The wellspring of Americas thriving has never been just how capably we gather weal tn, out now well we instruct our kin . Inls nas never Deen more evident than it is today. In a 21st-century world where Jobs can be sent any place theres an Internet association, where a kid conceived in Dallas is currently contending with a kid in New Delhi, where your best Job capability isn't your main event, however what you know. Training is not, at this point Just a pathway to circumstance and achievement, its an essential for progress. Our youngsters will vie for Jobs in a worldwide economy that oo a large number of our schools don't set them up for. In a worldwide economy where the most significant expertise you can sell is your insight, decent training is not, at this point Just a pathway to circumstance it is an essential. The world is evolving quickly. American understudies need to move on from school prepared for school, yet all inclusive capable. We should set up the rising age to interface, contend and help out their companions far and wide. This is a solution for financial decrease, since we know the nations that out-encourage us today will out-contend us tomorrow. President Barack Obama, 2010 Needs Statement Americas K-12 instructive framework must alumni understudies who are decidedly ready in writing, arithmetic and science, yet in addition in their insight and comprehension of worldwide issues, unknown dialects and world societies (Lewin Schattle, 2009) . Fast globalization and expanding rivalry in a changing work environment are the real factors graduates will look in their future. As indicated by Altinay and Brookings Institution (2007) understudies in their last long stretches of secondary school are not being offered enough open doors in the ordinary educational plan to build up those ard and delicate aptitudes that they should address the difficulties effectively present on the planet. Americas future monetary quality and national security rely upon its capacity to get ready youngsters to address the difficulties of the twenty-first century and be pioneers in the worldwide society (Olson, Evans, Shoenberg, 2007). The course proposed, Global Citizenship Across the Curriculum, is intended to give teachers from all evaluation levels and trains, handy procedures for the worldwide advancement of their courses (K-12), and assessment methodologies which guarantee valid diverse encounters (Olson, Evans, Shoenberg, 2007). The course content contains open doors for teachers to associate work together with different instructors around the world utilizing different advances incorporating Skype in the study hall. Members are acquainted with instructional methods that assist understudies with building basic reasoning and critical thinking aptitudes through associations with worldwide issues and the points of view of the individuals encountering them. (Nussbaum, 1997) . At the point when instructors learn best practice philosophies to impart authority abilities in their understudies, they assist them with building roads for reacting to worldwide clash, at the same time building up their cross-ultural competency as 21st Century basic scholars and pioneers. Course members learn approaches to imbue their educational plan with worldwide venture based learning encounters that assist them with building up the worldwide capability they requirement for accomplishment in a worldwide economy. They figure out how to actualize understudy driven learning instructional methods and use e-innovations to assemble bona fide, acculturating associations between their understudies and the world (Lewin Schattle, 2009). Worldwide Citizenship Across the Curriculum is conveyed 100% on the web and the web fills in as a basic learnlng, researcn, ana communlcatlons instrument Tor teacners ana understudies Ine DeneTlts of separation learning become clear as course members apply recently learned aptitudes utilizing on the web apparatuses and cooperative gatherings to face and ponder an assortment of worldwide issues. Graduates leave the course with an extended information base to effectively draw in understudies and eloquent worldwide citizenship and certifiable aptitudes over the educational plan. Key Definitions Assimilation: to cause (an individual or gathering) to turn out to be a piece of an alternate society, nation, and so on. Somewhat English Saxon: an individual whose predecessors were English. Multifaceted: managing or offering examination between at least two distinct societies or social zones . - Technologies: the utilization of the web in industry, designing, and so on , to create valuable things or to take care of issues. Worldwide Citizenship: intends to enable understudies to lead their own activities with the information and qualities that they have picked up from finding out about worldwide issues. Belief system: an efficient assemblage of ideas particularly about human life or culture; a way or the substance of thinking trademark about an individual, gathering, or culture; The coordinated declarations, speculations and points that establish a sociopolitical program. Instructional method: the workmanship, science, or calling of showing youngsters. References Altinay, H. Brookings Institution (2010). The case for worldwide civics. Washington, D. C: Brookings Institution, Global Economy and Development. Lewin, R. Schattle, H. (2009). The handbook of training and examination in concentrate abroad: Higher instruction and the journey for worldwide citizenship. New York: Routledge. Nussbaum, M. C. (1997). Developing mankind: An old style safeguard of change in liberal instruction. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. Olson, C. L. , Evans, R. , Shoenberg, R. E. (2007). At home on the planet: Bridging the hole among internationalization and multicultural instruction. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.

Rasta

Shaquille T. Sailsman Literature and Composition March 26,2013 Rastafarianism The Rastafarian religion has a wide range of components. These components include: history, convictions, customs/culture, festivities, and loving. Rastafarians put stock in the heavenly idea of Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia, whose title before his crowning ceremony of 1930 who Ras Tafari (Prince of the House of Tafari). The name Haile Selassie implies â€Å"Power of Trinity. † He was the Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930-1974. Haile Selassie never viewed himself as God, nor did he cling to Rastafari.According to iconn. organization, Rastafarians view Haile Selassie I as God in light of the fact that Marcus Garvey’s prescience †â€Å"Look to Africa where a dark lord will be delegated, he will be the Redeemer† †was quickly trailed by the climb of Haile Selassie as Emperor of Ethiopia. Haile Selassie I is viewed by Rastafarians as the God of the dark race. The Rastafarian reli gion started in Jamaica during the 1930s. The religion was framed after times of subjugation. Rastafarians viewed Jamaica as hellfire and Ethiopia as heaven.Rastafarians called Jamaica damnation since Africans were split and sent to goals all through the world, as a rule as captives to whites. This is the reason numerous Africans wound up in Jamaica. Ethiopia, the country, was viewed as a position of affectionate recollections of opportunity and life preceding mistreatment. This implied it in the end became viewed as paradise. â€Å"Rastafarians trusts Jah (God) lives on in some structure, and accepts that one day he will achieve the arrival of every dark individuals to their genealogical home in Africa,† (Breuilly, O’Brien, Palmer, 152).When Rastafarians have children, they bring up their children to put stock in Jah and after a specific age they ought to have the option to distinguish what his identity is. They are additionally raised to accept that one day he will b e raised from the dead and take them back to Africa, their alleged country. Rastafarians devote themselves to planning for this homecoming, developing nearer to Jah, (Breuilly, O’Brien, Palmer). They do this by developing harmony and agreement with all and by living in a manner that is near nature, imitating Jah.Another way Rastas attempt to copy Jah is by dismissing rehearses presented from white culture, which is emblematically called â€Å"Babylon. † The way of life of Rastafarian is to censure the eating of meat. They are largely vegans. So as to profoundly develop as an individual, meat must be bit by bit disposed of from the eating regimen. As indicated by www. iconn. organization, â€Å"the principle reason Rastafarians don't eat meat is on the grounds that creatures make a decent attempt to escape. The dread of the creatures can be found in their eyes.It is clear that they are asking for leniency. Rastafarians should show leniency. Inside the book of beginning , the LORD gave man territory over creatures. It was not to eat them yet to think about them. † An effective solid body is exceptionally fundamental. The Rastafarian's eating regimen is intended to meet their own needs. The Rastafarian's food is ordinarily alluded to as ital food inside the Rastafarian culture. The most customary approach to realize a Rastafarian is by their dreadlocks. A few people may wear their hair the Rastafarian way †dreadlocks †without being focused on Rastafarian conviction or way of life, while numerous adherents feel committed to surrender the conventional hairdos for picking up or staying in employment,† (Breuilly, O’Brien, Palmer, 152). Rastas wear dreadlocks since they don't have confidence in trimming or brushing their hair. It is additionally the manner in which some old African ministers and Israelites wore their hair. Some of the time you see a green, red and yellow shaded cap over a Rasta's hair. These are the shades of the banner of Ethiopia.Rastas additionally wear a turban, which is a headband dependent on material twisting, over their head to ensure and keep their dreadlocks clean. As per www. iconn. organization, the sacred herb, or referred to most as maryjane or ganja, is utilized in all significant Rastafarian festivals to improve sentiments of harmony and network, help contemplation and move strict dreams. There has frequently been contention concerning the authorization of pot. Rastafarians are maybe most popular for their strict utilization of weed, which develops copiously in Jamaica. Notwithstanding custom use, Rastas likewise use pot for restorative purposes, applying it o an assortment of illnesses including colds. Numerous devotees additionally accept that weed helps in the love of God, Bible examination, and contemplation. In spite of the fact that not all Rastafarians use pot, most trust it will carry an individual closer to God. Reggae music began as a significant piece of Rasta farian festivals †affirming the pride and poise of dark individuals, dismissal of white mistreatment, the magnificence of Africa and dreams of a tranquil future. Reggae music is personally associated with Rastafari and its verses frequently talk about mistreatment, neediness, bondage, politically-sanctioned racial segregation and human rights.One of the most significant figures in attempting to spread reggae music was Bob Marley. Conceived Nesta Robert Marley (1974â€1981), he remains the most generally known and the top rated entertainer of reggae music, and is credited with helping spread both Jamaican music and the Rastafari development to an overall crowd. A Nyabingi function unites adherents from a more extensive territory, and regularly last from a few days. At these functions, there are reciting, drumming, singing, asking, and moving just as shaving of veggie lover food and smoking of marijuana.Some events for a Nyabingi depend on the Julian schedule utilized by the Et hiopian Orthodox Church; with the Rastafarian confidence has solid connections. Heavenly days and occasions are times of serious occasions for the Rastafarian people group around the world. The Holy days are to implore and request compensation, satisfying 2 Chronicles 7v14, â€Å"If my kin who are called by my name, will lower themselves and supplicate, scan for me and atone of their malevolent ways, at that point I will get notification from paradise and pardon their transgressions and mend their property. † (Himchurch. org).Some Rastafarian festivals incorporates: Ethiopian New Year †Sept eleventh (speaks to a vacation, which is, saw with a short Prayer Service from 10am-11am), Christmas Day †Jan. seventh (Rastafarians watched this as a vacation), Haile Selassie’s Birthday †July 23rd, and the Anniversary of his royal celebration †Nov. second, (Breuilly, O’Brien, Palmer, 153). Powerful prophets and educators may likewise be celebrated, yet t here is no official celebration schedule. Rastafarians don't have a particular strict structure that is saved for worshipping.They generally meet week after week, either in a believers’ home or in a public venue. The gatherings are alluded to as Reasoning Sessions. They give an opportunity to serenades, petitions and singing, and for public issues to be talked about. Maryjane might be smoked to deliver increased profound states. The music utilized at these gatherings is known as Nyabingi, thus when gatherings are for the most part melodic they are frequently alluded to as Nyabingi gatherings. Gatherings may likewise incorporate enormous dining experiences. Rastafarians lay incredible weight on singular book of scriptures study and understanding. Rasta Shaquille T. Sailsman Literature and Composition March 26,2013 Rastafarianism The Rastafarian religion has a wide range of components. These components include: history, convictions, customs/culture, festivities, and adoring. Rastafarians put stock in the celestial idea of Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia, whose title before his crowning celebration of 1930 who Ras Tafari (Prince of the House of Tafari). The name Haile Selassie implies â€Å"Power of Trinity. † He was the Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930-1974. Haile Selassie never viewed himself as God, nor did he hold fast to Rastafari.According to iconn. organization, Rastafarians view Haile Selassie I as God in light of the fact that Marcus Garvey’s prediction †â€Å"Look to Africa where a dark lord will be delegated, he will be the Redeemer† †was quickly trailed by the rising of Haile Selassie as Emperor of Ethiopia. Haile Selassie I is viewed by Rastafarians as the God of the dark race. The Rastaf arian religion started in Jamaica during the 1930s. The religion was shaped after times of servitude. Rastafarians viewed Jamaica as hellfire and Ethiopia as heaven.Rastafarians called Jamaica damnation since Africans were split and sent to goals all through the world, by and large as captives to whites. This is the reason numerous Africans wound up in Jamaica. Ethiopia, the country, was viewed as a position of affectionate recollections of opportunity and life preceding mistreatment. This implied it in the end became viewed as paradise. â€Å"Rastafarians trusts Jah (God) lives on in some structure, and accepts that one day he will realize the arrival of every single dark individuals to their tribal home in Africa,† (Breuilly, O’Brien, Palmer, 152).When Rastafarians have children, they bring up their children to have confidence in Jah and after a specific age they ought to have the option to recognize what his identity is. They are additionally raised to accept that o ne day he will be raised from the dead and take them back to Africa, their alleged country. Rastafarians devote themselves to getting ready for this homecoming, developing nearer to Jah, (Breuilly, O’Brien, Palmer). They do this by developing harmony and agreement with all and by living in a manner that is near nature, imitating Jah.Another way Rastas attempt to copy Jah is by dismissing rehearses presented from white culture, which is emblematically called â€Å"Babylon. † The way of life of Rastafarian is to censure the eating of meat. They are for the most part veggie lovers. So as to profoundly develop as an individual, meat must be steadily disposed of from the eating routine. As indicated by www. iconn. organization, â€Å"the principle reason Rastafarians don't eat meat is on the grounds that creatures make a decent attempt to escape. The dread of the creatures can be found in their eyes.It is clear that they are beggi

Military A beautiful true love story

Military A beautiful true love story One day, a young guy and a young girl fell in love.But the guy came from a poor family. The girl’s parents weren’t too happy.So the young man decided not only to court the girl but to court her parents as well. In time, the parents saw that he was a good man and was worthy of their daughter’s hand. But there was another problem: The man was a soldier. Soon, war broke out and he was being sent overseas for a year. The week before he left, the man knelt on his knee and asked his lady love, “Will you marry me?” She wiped a tear, said yes, and they were engaged. They agreed that when he got back in one year, they would get married.But tragedy struck. A few days after he left, the girl had a major vehicular accident. It was a head-on collision.When she woke up in the hospital, she saw her father and mother crying. Immediately, she knew there was something wrong.She later found out that she suffered brain injury. The part of her brain that controlled her face muscles was damage d. Her once lovely face was now disfigured. She cried as she saw herself in the mirror. “Yesterday, I was beautiful. Today, I’m a monster.” Her body was also covered with so many ugly wounds.Right there and then, she decided to release her fiancé from their promise. She knew he wouldn’t want her anymore. She would forget about him and never see him again.For one year, the soldier wrote many lettersâ€"but she wouldn’t answer. He phoned her many times but she wouldn’t return her calls.But after one year, the mother walked into her room and announced, “He’s back from the war.”The girl shouted, “No! Please don’t tell him about me. Don’t tell him I’m here!”The mother said, “He’s getting married,” and handed her a wedding invitation.The girl’s heart sank. She knew she still loved himâ€"but she had to forget him now.With great sadness, she opened the wedding invitation.And then she saw her name on it!Confused, she asked, “What is this?”That was when the young man entered her room with a bouquet of flowers. He knelt beside her and asked, “Will you marry me?”The girl covered her face with her hands and said, “I’m ugly!”The man said, “Without your permission, your mother sent me your photos. When I saw your photos, I realized that nothing has changed. You’re still the person I fell in love. You’re still as beautiful as ever. Because I love you!”Author Unknown

Project Feasibilty and Npv - 1169 Words

Principles of Managerial Finance MBA6, GROUP 1 Phelps Toy Company TOYS Prepared by :Essam Gayad , Aladdin Al-Jajeh, Majed Mourtada , Shaza.Rifaai MHD Obada Morad Date 22nd May 2012 MBA6 -MF Phelps toy company case, 6 YEARS BUDGET STUDY, PROJECT FEASIBLITY Table (1) sales and net income of the company for the past years. year 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 $SALES 150,000 240,000 756,000 1,340,000 2,680,000 3,320,000 5,580,000 6,792,000 5,941,000 9,237,000 11,622,000 12,140,000 17,165,000 22,838,000 27,762,000 32,437,000 38,911,000 39,750,000 39,860,000 NET INCOME (16,000) (5,000) 72,000 91,000 175,000 198,000 248,000 387,000 291,000 439,000 566,000 621,000 850,000†¦show more content†¦Ã¯â€š § FSD is a statistical measure that represents the probability that the Automated Valuation Model (AVM) value falls within a statistical range of the actual market value, measured against a sales price. ï  ® FSD is expressed as a percentage in decimal form i.e., 13% as .13. ï  ® The lower the FSD, the smaller the error in predicting actual market value. ï  ® FSD can be used to determine your own internal confidence bands. MBA6- MF 1-TABLE(5): EBDT,TAX,NET ICOME,.. SALES $ $ OP EXPENS 70% of sales 1750000 2100000 2100000 2100000 $EBDT $DEP. $EBT TAX 34% 64600 1360 $ EAT IN CASH FLOW (EAT+DEP.) YEAR 1 YEAR 2 2500000 3000000 3000000 3000000 750000 560000 190000 900000 896000 900000 537600 900000 322000 4000 125400 2640 239184 381480 685400 898640 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5 YEAR 6 362400 123216 578000 196520 776784 703480 625980 599716 2750000 2750000 1925000 1925000 825000 322000 503000 171020 331980 437316 825000 162400 662600 225284 MBA6- MF ï  ® 5 years MACRS DEPRECIATION TALBE Year ratio 1 0.200 2 0.320 3 0.192 4 0.115 5 0.115 6 0.058 MBA6- MF (FIG 3) PV $2869077.5 MBA6- MF APROPRIAT DISCOUNT RATE COEFFICINT OF VARIATION ST DEV/1ST YEAR SALES 1226000/2500000 = 0.4904 Referring to table ( 4) 0.4904 ïÆ'   r =14% COEFFICINT OF VARIATION :A statistical measure of the dispersion of data points in a data series around the mean. The coefficient of variation represents the ratio of the standard

A Research Study On Stem Cell Research - 1644 Words

Stem cell research has covered many parts of research today and is growing progressively and becoming more common in research today. These cells have the potential to grow and develop into any other cell type in the body and form or make up the tissues of the body and organs. There are millions of people today who suffer from birth defects or diseases because of damaged cells or tissue. Stem cells give researchers the ability cure and replace almost all the cells in the body and help grow new tissue from the damages done by the disease. Although many oppose research of stem cell research and believe that there are other ways to treat people with illnesses, stem cells will give the information needed to cure many diseases including many form of cancer, Alzheimer’s, diabetes and many more. When looking deeper into stem cells, there are many different forms of it. Two major ones are the adult stem cells, which are taken from adult tissues and can be used for bone marrow transplan t. The other is embryonic stem cells, which are taken from destroyed human embryos. Unlike adult stem cells these cells are compatible with every tissue and organ in the body and can produce all types of cells, but also go through a process which destroys the embryos. According to Congressional Digest, an independent magazine publisher for U.S. Supreme Court debates, explains that â€Å"understanding these processes could provide insight into the causes of birth defects, genetic abnormalities, and otherShow MoreRelatedA Research Study On Stem Cell Research Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesComposition Stem Cell Research According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary a stem cell is â€Å"a simple cell in the body that is able to develop into any one of various kinds of cells (such as blood cells, skin cells, etc.).† There are two types of stem cells, embryonic and adult. The adult stem cells can can be found in brain, bone marrow, blood, etc. The embryonic stem cells come from a four to five day human embryo during the blastocyst phase (Crosta) . The controversy behind the topic usually stems fromRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Research1324 Words   |  6 Pageslike this. He knows that stem cells could help cure him from his misery, so he has been fighting and fighting for stem cell research to be fully funded in America. Stem cells are cells that have the skill to change into any type of cell in the human body (Lewis). These cells could be put anywhere ill in the body to make it healthy again. Imagine all of the people with chronicle diseases and cancer being able to have hope for being happy and healthy again. Also, these stem cells can fix damaged organsRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Research2115 Words   |  9 PagesStem cell research, through its ethics, methods, and funding, has caused great controversy over the past several decades. Scientists, medical specialists, religious groups, spiritual groups, the government and the public have devoted a major interest in this subject. Some portray stem cell research as a dangerous, inhumane study whereas others see it as a growing beneficial factor for opportunity of the advancement of the medical world. Stem cell research has been proven to aid various diseasesRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Research2605 Words   |  11 Pagestruly believe that stem cell research is going to allow our children to look at Alzheimer’s and diabetes and other major diseases the way we look at polio today, which is a preventable disease† (Solomon). Susan Solomon was the researcher that founded the New Yor k Stem Cell Foundation and has been seen as the hero for stem cell scientists around the world. Over the past couple years, stem cell research has been at its highest; scientists all over the world are using these cells to try to find newRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Research1665 Words   |  7 Pages Stem cells have advanced the way researchers look at curing what were once considered untreatable diseases. Modern technology has played a key role in the discovering of these stem cells and how they are used in the body. Many argue that the use of adult and embryonic cells is unethical and inhumane to society, however, there is one point taken into consideration when making that statement; if researchers could develop a cure for a disease that was affecting a family member of those who oppose itRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Research1307 Words   |  6 PagesStem cell research is a controversial, yet fascinating field of study. The examination of stem cells has captivated political, scientific, and public interest for many decades. Therefore, numerous scientific research studies have been done to determine the exact purpose of stem cells, as well as their beneficial properties. Stem cells have been noted as powerful deterrents when studying and fighting against disease. It is understood that almost every cell in a person’s body has one main functionRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Research Essay907 Words   |  4 PagesStem Cell Research A stem cell is defined as having â€Å"the ability to make specialized cells for various tissues in the body, such as heart muscle, brain tissue, and liver tissue† (umm.edu) Two of the most commonly studied stem cells are adult and embryonic. Adult stem cells are cells that have already became specialized, such as heart or muscle tissue. Embryonic cells on the other hand are still in development. This means that with some modifying, then an embryonic stem cell can develop into almostRead MoreA Research Study On Embryonic Stem Cell Research1618 Words   |  7 Pagesfield of science, embryonic stem cell research. This field involves research that could develop cures or methods of preventing, treating, or medicating people afflicted with these debilitating, often deadly disorders. This field, unfortunately, is not supported by everyone. In fact it is so controversial, that in America, federal funding is not allowed. This severely limits the opportunities that these special cells can provide. Yet scientists continue to research these cells, because they feel thatRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell1225 Words   |  5 Pages My research about stem cells, I will be talking about what a stem cell is. Why are stem cells important from a medical perspective? How are stem cells being used today? Where do scientists get stem cells? Why is so much controversy over the stem cells? How does a zygote develop into a baby? Why a zygote is considered a stem cell? A stem cell is an immature cell that can help reproduce different types of cells throughout the body. There are three types of stem cells that I will be focusing on : adultRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell1680 Words   |  7 Pageslife, cells make up every organ and body part of a living organism. Among various types of cells of human bodies, a stem cell can turn into any type of specialized cell of human body. A stem cell is a cell that has the ability to develop into any conceivable different kind of specialized cell type. The existence of a stem cell was first discovered by Drs. James Till and Ernset McCulloch from Canada. A stem cell can be distinguished into two types: adult stem cell and embryonic stem cell. An embryonic

A Study about The Impact of Parental Separation Free Essays

string(107) " and also to ensure that a full rich picture of the teacher’s opinions and experiences are gathered\." This study explores the impact of parental separation/divorce can have on a child’s learning and development in the primary school classroom. The broad aim of the study was to explore teachers’ classroom experiences of parental separation/divorce and its effect on teaching learning and development. The researcher aimed to gather an in depth and rich account of these experiences in the primary school classroom. We will write a custom essay sample on A Study about The Impact of Parental Separation or any similar topic only for you Order Now This current chapter critically explores the most appropriate methods and tools that were used to gather data for this study. The researcher evaluates and outlines the design method undertaken, the participants that were involved and the materials that were used to gather the information and data relating to this study. Ethical considerations are also outlined in this chapter.3.2 Aims of the studyHaving reviewed the literature on the topic of ‘the effect parental separation/divorce can have on a child’s learning and development’ it is evident that there is a lack of Irish research conducted on the area. A breakdown in a family structure is becoming more common with 1 in every 10 marriages in Ireland ending in separation/divorce (Rainbow, 2018) with the figure of marriage separation rising from 116,194 in 2011 to 118,178 in 2016 (CSO, 2016). For this reason this study aims to provide an insight into the effect this breakdown in family structure is having on a child’s learning and development. This study aims to investigate to what extent does parental/separation divorce has on a child’s learning and development and if it has an effect on a child’s emotions, behaviour, capacity to learn and concentration in the classroom and whether teacher’s feel they have the adequate training to aid and help children during this change in their lives.3.3 Research DesignIn deciding on a research design for the study, the researcher considered both quantitative and qualitative approaches. According to (Patton ; Cochran, 2002) qualitative research ‘is characterised by its aims, which relate to understanding some aspect of social life, and its methods which (in general) generate words, rather than numbers, as data for analysis and seeks to build a holistic and narrative description of a social or cultural phenomenon (Gall, Borg Gall, 1996). Qualitative approaches to research involve emerging questions and procedures, typically collecting data in the participants’ setting, and analysing data inductively (Creswell, 2014). However, quantitative research ‘generally produces objective numerical data that are generated without influence on behalf of the researcher’ (Denscombe, 2010). It emphasises precision and sets out to explain phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analysed using mathematically based methods, and seeks to minimise bias and maximise objectivity (Rubin ; Babbie, 2010). Therefore taking both methodologies into account the researcher decided on a mixed- methods methodology approach for the purpose of this research. The qualitative data provided an insight into the various ways children may be impacted by parental separation/divorce and the teachers own experiences and views in this area. On the other hand the quantitative data provided a numerical data insight into the extent of the way a child may be impacted by parental separation/divorce and the teachers own views and opinion’s on the key area it can have an impact on and how prepared they feel they are to help a child through this change in their lives. In conclusion a mixed method approach enabled the researcher to gain rich and valuable information for the research and facilitated the research to achieve a full picture of the impact parental separation/divorce may be having on a child’s learning and development in the primary school classroom.3.4 Data collectionIn order to collect the data the researcher interviewed 3 teachers who each taught different levels in the school; junior, middle and senior ends of the school. The interviews were face to face and semi-structured using open ended questions and all 3 interviews were voice recorded. In order for the research to be fully representative of the sample the researcher conducted the interviews on teachers who taught in 3 different schools incorporating both town and country schools. One participant was a teacher in a country school in 5th and 6th class, another participant was a teacher in a populated town school in 3rd and 4th class and the final participant was a junior and senior infant teacher in a small country school. The class sizes varied from 21 pupils to 32 pupils with each participant stating they had a variety of ethnicities and learning support needs in the class. The aim of the interviews was to focus on the participants’ own experiences of the impact of parental separation in the classroom, and the researcher decided on an unstructured interview approach. The intention of the researcher was to build a rapport with the participants create a narrative about their subjective experiences of this area. During the interviews, many of the questions were spontaneous and built on the experiences of the teachers and their own opinions surrounding the area of parental separation/divorce and its effects it can have on a child’s learning and development and the questions came as part of the natural interaction between researcher and participants. The unstructured approach allowed the researcher to ask questions as and when they were appropriate, and to further explore particular themes of interest the participant had. In order for the researcher to encourage a degree of consistency during the interview process among the 3 participants the researcher employed the use of an aide memoire to help guide the focus of the interview without disrupting the natural course of the discussion. The interviews were recorded and were later transcribed for analysis. The recording of the interviews enabled the researcher to interact fully with the participant through the full interview and also permitted the researcher to provide a full textual account of the entire interview and everything that was said and highlighted. In the same context the survey’s created employed a non bias approach, using a broad array of questions in order to not direct or lead the participant and also to ensure that a full rich picture of the teacher’s opinions and experiences are gathered. You read "A Study about The Impact of Parental Separation" in category "Papers" The survey was created online and included 8 questions. These 8 questions ensured to not be misleading and aimed to reflect a teacher’s own views understanding and knowledge around the area of parental separation/divorce and the impact it can have on a child’s learning and development.3.5 Data analysisThemati c analysis was used in this study to analyse and interpret the data. This section provides an overview of the thematic analytical method and outlines its procedural application to the data collected in this study. Thematic analysis is a comprehensive process where researchers are enabled to identify numerous cross references between the data and the research’s evolving themes (Hayes, 1997). An inductive approach was therefore used to identify the themes. Similarly, (Marshall and Rossman, 2006) recommended that immersion in and familiarity with the research is an essential stage. Following this recommendation, the researcher transcribed each interview, thus familiarising herself with the data. Inductive analysis involved the process of discovering patterns and codes in the data (Patton, 2002). The researcher developed patterns by keeping notes on the transcripts that related to a fascinating and relevant point and used highlighters to link these codes together. It was important for the researcher to not have pre conceptions when conducting the interviews and analysing the surveys, consequently the researcher â€Å"has to explore and understand the social world through the participants’ and their own perspectives; and explanations can only be offered at the level of meaning rather than cause† (Snape and Spencer as cited in Ritchie and Lewis, 2003, p. 23). As a result the researcher ensured that all the data collected was reliable and dependable to provide clear, concise and meaningful conclusions from the data.3.6 Ethical considerationsPrior to undertaking this study, ethical approval was sought and granted by the HiberniaCollege Ethics Committee. This study was therefore conducted to the highest ethical standards in line with the Ethical Guidelines for Educational Research (BERA, 2011). When considering the ethical considerations, data protection guidelines were taken into account by the researcher. The researcher ensured that all data will be stored safely and securely in encrypted data files and hard copies of transcripts will be kept in a locked filing cabinet and all other identifiable data such as the names, phone numbers, and email addresses of participants will be stored separate from other data collected in order to ensure anonymity and confidentiality is upheld. The participants were also informed in their consent letter that they had access to the data. Keeping in line with the guidelines the researcher ensured that each participant received a clear information letter about the research area and their role. It stated that anonymity and confidentiality will be ascertained at all times. Before each interview, the participants signed a consent form and also informed that they were permitted to end the interview process at any time they wished. The prospective participants were then given time to consider their participation, without any duress, and were later contacted by the researcher for their decision. Throughout the data collection process, all interactions were carried out in a respectful and considerate manner. Interviews were conducted in the spirit of partnership, without manipulation. The names participants were not used on interview recordings and transcripts, and any identifiable information was stored separate from this data. Throughout the data collection and data analysis the researcher ensured complete commitment, reliability and integrity. In accordance to Hibernia College Dublin the data will be kept for three years after the completion of the dissertation. The researcher will ensure that the data collected is only used for the purpose for which it was gathered and will not be shared with a third person.3.7 LimitationsFirstly, the lack of experience the researcher had on conducting interviews arose as a possible limitation for conducting the research and collecting the data. In order for the researcher to gain experience and confidence in conducting interviews the researcher performed mock interviews with 3 student teachers. The mock interviews ensured that the researcher would not highlight opinions or response through facial expression and also show no bias towards the interview questions and topic (Bryman, 2004; Cohen et al., 2005 ; Reynolds, 1979). This aided the researcher when conducting the interviews with the 3 teachers to collect the data. Secondly, the interviews were semi-structured and conducted with teachers from 3 different schools. This took up a lot of time and had additional drawback on travel costs. Finally the online surveys also had its disadvantages. As the surveys were online a lot of people (teachers) tend not to take the time to complete them in comparison to a hardcopy. As a result it took longer than expected for the researcher to get back the quota of answers that was needed to give an accurate representation of the data.3.8 ConclusionIn conclusion, this chapter provided an analysis on how the researcher collected the data, taking into consideration the most appropriate methodology for this study. The researcher chose to use a mixed methods approach to collect and analysis the data collect during this research as it gives a layer of depth and validity to the research. The data collection methods complimented each other and provided valuable findings which will be presented in the next chapter. The interview process and survey analysis will allow the researcher to gain an insight into the opinions and experiences of teachers from different backgrounds, various areas and different class levels. Following the chosen appropriate methodology, the researcher took into consideration the participants, materials, method design, ethical considerations and data analysis. The participants in the study gave their informed consent to the research, their anonymity and confidentiality maintained, and they will have access to the data and findings if desired. The participants of the interview were made feel comfortable during the interview process using the appropriate interview skills. The next chapter will outline the main findings of the present research which utilised a mixed-methods approach. How to cite A Study about The Impact of Parental Separation, Papers

Problems of Teen Pregnancy Essay Example

Problems of Teen Pregnancy Essay RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Definition and explanation of teenage Pregnancy Teenage pregnancy is simply defined teenage girl who became pregnant at an early age. The term connotes that the girl has not reach the legal adulthood before conceiving. Like United States, our country, Philippines also facing this kind of problem. Our government discusses how to prevent and low down the rate of pregnancy especially in the teenagers. Most cases of teenage pregnancies are observed in the lower economic strata of society where there is a lack of knowledge, awareness and facility to address the problem of unintended pregnancy. Teenage pregnancy is often associated with an increase rate of delinquent behaviors including alcohol and substance abuse. An absentee parent can create insecurities in children, and depending on the parents role in the childs life, can make some children more prone to crime and other emotional issues. Causes of teen pregnancy and tips to surpass it Family problem affects the thinking ability of a teenager. It makes them to create decisions that they think its good for them, they ask advices to their friends than their families. This is also the time that teens are starting to learn to drink alcohol nd use prohibited drugs to satisfy their selves and to forget the problems between his/her family. One thing that the teens think can help them to get away from their family is to get pregnant. They act so reckless yet after getting pregnant theyll come to their parents for the financial support for the baby. If the family problem doesnt stop that early this will be the reason for the adolescent to pursue their plan in getting pregnant. We will write a custom essay sample on Problems of Teen Pregnancy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Problems of Teen Pregnancy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Problems of Teen Pregnancy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Their mind is really sober and cant think well, one of the family members should talk to their family member that is involved on the specific circumstances. Parents have the most important role in the life of a teenager. They are the ones that adolescents look up too whenever they have problems. They must be responsible for the safety and wellbeing of their children. Try to be more supportive than to criticize them. Try to discuss with them some certain issues to reach an outcome that you and your teenager can both accept. Make conversation with them over breakfast and dinner, having heart to heart talk with will help to enlighten their minds and they can think clearly. One factor that leads teen girls to become pregnant is peer pressure. Many teens exualize themselves or engage in behavior for which they are not yet ready because they want to fit in or be popular. Peer pressure to engage in sexual activity is so common, a variety of terms refer to the behavior, such as hooking up, booty calls or referring to someone as a friend with benefits. If youre a parent, consider the impact that peer pressure could have on her decisions, and the potential ramifications of this impact. Any teen succumb to pressure to have sex. All teens have sexual urges especially boys, they engage in sex before they are ready. Popular drugs, smoking, alcohol, sex and dangerous driving. If their friends value having sex, then they are likely to have sex, too. Many times these teens let their friends influence their decision to have sex even when they do not fully understand the consequences associated with the act. Still others find it easier to give in and have sex than to try to explain why not. Some teenagers get caught up in the romantic feelings and believe having sex is the best way they can prove their love. Most teenagers experience sudden and hitherto unknown emotions and feelings during their early puberty. They feel a natural sense of rebelling against the set norms as well. All this, coupled with a sudden sense of new-found freedom and sexuality, results in many of them giving vent to their feelings through sexual expressions and experiences. The only way they could probably achieve that would be by having a boyfriend or girlfriend or at least by dating and indulging in sexual acts often. This kind of rash behavior could lead to unintended pregnancies. When you feel threaten and pressure, you must stop and ignore them. These people will bring the worst out of you. Find a substitute and affirming friend, its good to have friends who can affirm you. Develop a sense of humor; crack a Joke and veryones going to admire you. Be prepared, make a plan and be prepared for the times youll face peer pressure. Most teens do not want to become pregnant; they are still becoming so as a result of sexual activity. While actual force to have sex is rare, many teenage girls (especially those under the age of 1 5) feel pressured to have sex. Rape does happen and is one of the reasons that teen pregnancies occur. Rape by boyfriends, family members and even strangers can result in teen pregnancy. 50 60% of teens were molested prior to their first pregnancy, 50% of perpetrators were family members. To avoid rape, avoid walking alone as much as possible. Be mentally prepared. Always carry pepper spray and learn self defense. Ways of Preventing Teen Parenthood Teenage pregnancy is a rather frightening reality that can change your life in an instant. The good news is that teenage pregnancy is avoidable: By not having sex, you never risk getting pregnant. If you do decide to have sex, its best to stay informed about what you can do to avoid unwanted pregnancy. Abstinence is the only form of birth control that is 100% effective in preventing pregnancy. Abstinence also protects people form STDs. This way helps teenagers to refrain from getting pregnant. Also prevents pregnancy by keeping the sperm out of the vagina. For us, abstinence is the safest way of preventing pregnancy. It has many benefits, it has no medical and hormonal side effects and it is free. Teenagers can used this method to focus on school, career and family. Any woman or man can abstain from sex play. Many do so at various times in their lives. Teen girls are more likely to get pregnant if they have limited or no guidance from their parents. Many parents have busy lives that prevent them from providing the guidance and support hat their young teenagers need to make good decisions on issues such as sex. If youre a parent, talking to your children will have a big effect on them especially when youre talking about intercourse. Communicating with your children about sex, love, and relationships is often more successful when you are clear in your own mind about these issues. Start the conversation, and make sure that it is honest, open, and detailed information you might need, but dont let your lack of technical information make you shy. If youre a teenager, ask advices to the people you trust. Let them larify issues about pregnancy and sex. Dont be shy asking your parents about it. Being open to them will keep you away from the risk of getting pregnant. The effectiveness of birth control methods is critically important for reducing the risk of unintended pregnancy. Effectiveness can be measured during perfect use, when the method is used correctly and consistently as directed, or during typical use, which is how effective the method is during actual use (including inconsistent and incorrect use). Using contraceptives helps those to refrain to avoid pregnancy also some contraceptives are good for health. You can use injectable progestin; this method is extremely effective since all thats required of a woman is to return to her health care provider for a shot every three months. Males can use male condoms; these are thin tube made of latex. This is the best contraception to avoid having STDS. Psychological Effect of Teen Pregnancy Its common for pregnant teens to feel a range of emotions, such as fear, anger, guilt, confusion, and sadness. It may take a while to adjust to the fact that youre going to have a baby. Its a huge change, and its natural for pregnant teens to onder whether theyre ready to handle the responsibilities that come with being a parent. A. Emotional Effect 1 . Initial Excitement Some teenagers are excited to bear a child, especially when it is their first pregnancy. They are excited to see their baby. Others are excited to buy clothes and other things for the baby. They think of names for the baby. 2. Confuse Some are confused and at a loss on what to do. They are too young and many have no idea about bearing a child. 3. Afraid Some are scared. They think of questions like, How should I tell my parents? How will I face my classmates? or What is the best thing to do to solve this problem? They are afraid to answer these questions. They feel scared on what will be the reactions of their parents. 4. Frustrated Pregnant teenagers will realize that they are not yet ready to bear a child when its already late. 5. Hopelessness Low self-esteem increases vulnerability and decreases her ability to refuse to go along with risky sexual behaviors. 6. Denial Some teenagers Just neglect and abandoning her/his baby. 7. Worries about the future Several uncertainties may arise. She may start worrying how would she dealing with he baby herself. 8. Mood Swings Its very common to have mood swings during pregnancy. Some girls may also experience depression during pregnancy or after delivery. B. Mental Effect of Early Pregnancy 1 . Depression It is common among pregnant teenager who is desperate to solve their problems. Some teenagers try to solve their problem by abortion and suicide. Abortion, it is the removal of a fetus from the mothers womb. Abortion is illegal. About 300,000 to 500,000 women undergo abortion every year. Article 256, 258 and 259 in the Revised Penal Code of the Philippine penalize women who undergo bortion and others who help her with imprisonment. Some teenager, however, think A woman of any age is pregnant and unaware of it is likely not to get the nutrition she needs to sustain both herself and her unborn child. Part of what boosts the rate of mortalities in teen births is that, worldwide, teens have a higher rate of premature birth and low birth-weight babies. Many researchers believe that this is due to a lack of adequate prenatal care, either because teen mothers are too scared or lack the financial resources to seek out medical help. Many wait until the third trimester to ee a doctor, which raises levels of anemia and nutritional deficiencies in young mothers. Because of this lack of early care, children of teen mothers are more likely to suffer from health issues and to be hospitalized within their first year of life. Prematurity plays the greatest role in low birth weight, but intrauterine growth retardation (inadequate growth of the fetus during pregnancy) is also a factors. The younger a mother is below age 20, the greater the risk of her infant dying during the first year of life. It is very important for pregnant teens to have early and adequate renatal care. Factors can be divided into maternal and fetal. Maternal factors include age (younger than age 1 5, older than age 35); weight (pre-pregnancy weight under 100 lb or obesity); height (under five feet); history of complications during previous pregnancies (including stillbirth, fetal loss, preterm labor and/or delivery, small-for-gestational age baby, large baby, pre-eclampsia or eclampsia); more than five previous pregnancies; bleeding during the third trimester; abnormalities of the reproductive tract; uterine fibroids; hypertension. Premature may have problems ith his or her vision, digestion, and respiratory. Children born to teenage mothers are less likely to receive proper nutrition, health care, and cognitive and social stimulation. As a result, they are at risk for lower academic achievement. Teens are more at risk for certain problems during pregnancy, such as anemia, high blood pressure, and giving birth earlier than usual (called premature delivery). Clinic- focused programs provide easier access to information, counseling by health care providers, and contraceptive services. Many of these programs are offered through school-based clinics. See a doctor as soon as possible after youVe found out that you are pregnant to begin prenatal care. Take vitamin supplements that are recommended by your doctor to support you and your babys health. Avoid the intakes of drugs and alcohol during pregnancy. Using illegal drugs such as cocaine or marijuana during pregnancy can cause miscarriage, prematurity, and other medical problems. Babies can also be born addicted to certain drugs. Socioeconomic Problems Throughout the developed world, teenage pregnancy is more common among young people who have been disadvantaged in childhood and have low expectations f education or the Job market. Socio-economic circumstances seem to play a major role in rates of teen pregnancy. There may be a growing lost generation of young people who see no reason not to get pregnant. Teens coming from poor economic status and single parents are more likely to participate in risky sexual behaviors. For some disadvantaged youth, particularly for girls whose self esteem tends to drop as they mature, sexuality may be all they have to value. Children of teenage parents are more likely to have problems and to eventually become teenage parents themselves, hus perpetuating the cycle of poverty begun by a teenage birth. It is widely individuals in higher social classes are healthier and live longer than those in lower classes. This is true regardless of whether income, education or another socioeconomic indicator is used and regardless of the health outcome used. Teen mothers are less likely to complete the education necessary to qualify for a well- paying Job ?only 38 percent of mothers who have children before age 18 obtain a high school diploma. This disparity in education, not surprisingly, tends to affect income level. Teenage mothers and fathers tend to have less education and are more likely to live in poverty than their peers who are not teen parents. Babies born to teen mothers are more likely to have health problems at birth, do poorly in school, do time in Jail and also become teen parents. Teen pregnancy is the leading cause of females dropping out of high school. Furthermore, less than 2 percent of teen mothers attain a college degree by age 30. Because of their lower education status, teen mothers on average earn lower incomes than their peers, and are thus more likely to be in poverty. Unmarried mothers of all ages reported most dissatisfaction with educational achievement. With the little income of both parents, its very difficult to provide with the required nutrition and care. Its very difficult for teenage mother and father to support themselves and their baby. As their education is cut short, its very difficult for teenage parents to find decent Job. Some parents Just abandoned their child to escape the poverty. Teen Fathers The adolescent father faces immediate developmental crises, which include completing the developmental task of adolescence making a transition to arenthood, and sometimes adopting to marriage. These transitions can be stressful. The decision to include the young father in all aspects of the care is based on assessment in the following four areas: (1) the couples relationship; (2) levels of stress, concern, and coping; (3) educational and vocational goals; and (4) the level of health education knowledge. Adolescent fathers need support to discuss their emotional responses to the pregnancy. The fathers feelings of guilt, powerlessness, or bravado should be recognize because of their negative consequences for the arents and the child. Counseling the adolescent fathers needs to be reality oriented. Topics such as finances, child care, parenting skills, and the fathers role in the birth experience must be discussed. Teenage fathers also need to know about reproductive physiology and birth control options as well as safer sex practices. The adolescent father may continue to be involved in an ongoing relationship with the young mother and his baby. In many instances, he also plays an important role in the decisions about child care and raising the child. He is encouraged to use coping echanisms that are not detrimental to his own, his parents, or his childs well- being. Fathers can experience postpartum depression. There is a lot of advice out there for girls who find them facing an unwanted or unexpected pregnancy but there is very little information out there for guys. It takes two to make a baby but all too often when the pregnancy is announced the guy gets lost in the confusion. But teen fatherhood is not something to be taken lightly and along with responsibilities to the more likely to get involved with criminal behavior, including alcohol and drug abuse, nd drug dealing. Depending on their age, teen fathers can also face charges of statutory rape. Teen fathers earn less over time than men who have children at an older age. Over time, teen fathers earn 10 to 15 percent less annually than male teens that wait to have children. A young fathers financial insecurity or confusion about child care was most likely to lead to a stated disinterest, and that disinterest predicted uninvolvement. To be a good teen father you can do the following: Choosing to stand by your baby is a big deal and shows that you definitely have the potential for the Job. If you are still in a relationship with the mother of the child then thats great, you can work together to be good parents and raise a happy child. Be sure to support the mother through the pregnancy, it is a very diffic ult time for her and her body is changing in a big way. Try and have some sort of balance, if you are working constantly you will never get to see your child. Teenage fathers should be a role model to their baby. They are the one shaping the characteristic of their children. Teen Mothers The very young adolescent mother is inexperienced and unprepared to recognize he early sign of illness, potential danger, or household hazards. She may inadvertently neglect her child. The higher mortality rates among the infants of adolescent mother are attributed to the inexperience, lack of knowledge, and immaturity of the mothers, causing them to unable to recognize a problem and obtain the necessary resources to rectify the situation. Nevertheless, in most instances, with adequate and developmentally appropriate teaching, Adolescents can learn effective parenting skills. The transition to parenthood may be difficult to adolescent parents. Coping ith the developmental task of parenthood is often complicated by the unmet developmental needs and tasks of adolescents. Some young parents may experience difficulty accepting a changing self image and adjusting to new roles related to the responsibilities of infant care. Other adolescent parents, however, may have higher self concepts than their non-parenting peers. As adolescent parents move through the transition to parenthood, they may feel different from their peers, excluded from fun activities, and prematurely forced to enter an adult social role. The conflict between their own desires and the infants emands, in addition to the low tolerance for frustration that is typical of adolescents, further contribute to the normal psychosocial stress of child birth. Maintaining a relationship with the babys father is beneficial for the teen mother and her infant the involvement of the babys father is related to appropriate maternal behaviors and positive mother-infant relationship. Adolescent mothers provide warm and attentive physical care; however, they use less verbal interaction than do older parents, and adolescents tend to be less responsive to interact less positively with their infants than do older mothers. In comparison with adult mothers, teenage mothers have a limited knowledge of child development. They tend to expect too much of their children too soon and often characterize their infants as being fussy. This limited knowledge may cause teenagers to respond to their infants inappropriately. Sex Education having no effect on teens to avoid sex, but others can see it has a way to decrease teen pregnancies in America. According to Advocates for Youth (2009), comprehensive sex education programs helped youth delay onset of sexual activity, reduce the frequency of sexual activity, reduce number of sexual partners, and ncrease condom and contraceptive use. An important component of an ongoing sex is effective communication with parents. When peers are the primary source of sexual information, it is transmitted and exchanged in secret conversation and contains a large amount of misinformation. Adolescent need precise and concrete information that we allow then to answer questions such as What if I start my period in the middle of class? or How can I keep people from telling I have a n erection? it is important to tell them what they want to know and what they can expect to happen as they became mature sexually.